1.指除人以外的生物和事物,无性别之分。如:
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---Have you seen my watch?
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---你看见我的表了吗?
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---Yes, it is on the table.
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---看见了,在桌子上。
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here is a dog outside. It is a yellow one.
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门外有一只狗,是黄色的。
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The earth is shaped like a big ball. And we all live on it.
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地球的形状像一个大球。我们都住在上面。
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注:也可指婴儿或指说话时不需言明性别的时候。678招生考试网举例如下:
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Would you please take care of the baby? It is crying.
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请你照顾一下婴儿,好吗?它在哭。
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---Who is walking there?
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谁在那儿走动？
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---It is a policeman
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是个警察。
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---Who is knocking at the do
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谁在敲门？
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It's me.
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是我。
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2.起指示代词的作用(=this/that),指一个事物或前面谈过的事物或情况。如
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I had a talk with the boss. It is very helpful
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我和老板谈了话。对我帮助很大。
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He said he knew smoking is harmful for his health, but he wouldn't give it up.
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他说他知道吸烟对身体有害,但他不会戒烟。
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Let me tell you the whole story. It happened two days ago.
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让我来告诉你事情的整个经过。事情发生在两天前。
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3.指时间、日期、季节等,在句中作主语。如:
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---What time is it now?
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现在几点?
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---It is five o'clock.
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五点钟。
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-What's the date today?
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今天几号?
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---It's April the first.
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四月一日。
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---What day is today?
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今天星期几?
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---It's Friday.
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星期五。
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---It is early summer now.
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现在是初夏。
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4.指自然现象、天气、距离等,在句中作主语。678招生考试信息网举例如下:
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It's raining again.
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又下兩了。
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It is rather cold today.
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今天很冷。
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I hope it will be fine tomorrow.
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我希望明天天气好。
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The store is near here. It's only a five minutes' walk.
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商店离这儿很近。步行只需五分钟。
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Is it a long way to the Summer Palace?
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到颐和园很远吗?
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5.作形式主语
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当主语是动词不定式、动名词或主语从句时,往往把主语放在谓语动词后面,而把it让放句首作形式主语代替真正的主语。678招生信息网举例如下:
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It is important to study English.
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学英语很重要。
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It is no use crying now.
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现在哭是没有用的。
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It is necessary for us to read more books.
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我们有必要多读书。
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It is clear that you are wrong.
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很清楚你错了。
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6.作形式宾语
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当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动名词或宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在补足语后面,而把i放在谓语动词和宾语补足语中间,代替不定式、动名词或宾语从句作形式宾语。如:
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He thinks it his duty to help the sick.
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他认为帮助病人是他的职责。
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I think it no use talking to him about it.
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我认为和他谈论这个事没有用。
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7.用在强调结构中
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为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语或状语),常用“it is(was)+被强调成分+that(或who)…”强调结构。注:强调结构只能用that和who;强调人或物时可用that,who只用来强调人。如:
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It was the headmaster who opened the door.
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是校长开的门。
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It was I who helped you over the difficulties.
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是我帮助你克服的困难。
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It was a spelling mistake that I made in the test.
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我在考试中犯的错误是一个拼写错误。
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